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Some of these attempts go by the names "hidden vari- ables theories," "pilot wave theories," and the "many-worlds interpretation."1 However, in spite of a great deal of cleverness that has been expended on these ideas, none of them has been completely successful so far.
Another and more subtle attempt to return to more classical concepts goes by the name of "pilot wave theory."
The basic idea here was proposed by Louis de Broglie, one of the founders of quantum theory, and has since been devel- oped by David Bohm and many other researchers.4 In pilot wave theory there is still a wavefunction, and it still satisfies the same Schrödinger equation as in standard quantum theory.
Pilot wave theory is thus a kind of hybrid of classical and quantum ideas.
It has been shown that pilot wave theory can reproduce the results of stan- dard quantum theory-that is, give the same predictions for the results of experi- ments-when applied to a wide range of physical systems.
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